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Materials:
Easily erased graphite or Col-Erase pencil
White or light drawing paper
Kneaded eraser and/or white stick eraser
Colored pencils
Fine line pen -- technical pen, dip pen, Pigma Micron or Prismacolor Fineliner.
Optional - magnifier or magnifying glasses.
You can actually do Celtic knotwork out of any doodle as long as the line does not actually intersect more than once anywhere along it. Scribble a doodle without lifting your pencil. Swirl it a few times, cross over it here and there, bend the line to go around intersections that are already there, and eventually bring it around to meet its starting point. You have created an original knotwork pattern by this, or will if you develop it from the Wire Diagram stage.
This is the first exercise of this demo -- do your doodle lightly in pencil, because you will erase it. Make it a loose one with plenty of space between the crossings, work fairly large to make it easy. Using colored pencil for the next stage is like using ink, it is less likely to come up while carefully erasing the erasable Wire Diagram.

Second step of basic construction is Outline/Inline. Carefully draw around the lines you have done in graphite, even though I show this in blue ink. This is a lot easier for beginners to fix mistakes, and I made plenty of them before I reached a point where I was comfortable cutting corners by inking as soon as the Wire Diagram was done. It depends on how precise you want to be. In my demonstration I used ink for this stage to make it easier to see the difference. I also used a dark soft pencil when normally I would do the penciling with a sharp, hard pencil used very lightly so it easily erases.

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